Nutrition Reference Publication
Excerpt: Persons who come into direct or indirect contact with edible parts of animals or meat should ... maintain an appropriate standard of personal cleanliness ... wear protective clothing appropriate to the circumstances, and ensure that non-disposable protective clothing is cleaned before and during work ... if wearing gloves during the slaughter and dressing of animals and the handling of meat, ensure that they are of an approved type for the particular activity, e...
Excerpt: ... Establishments should be located, designed and constructed so that contamination of meat is minimized to the greatest extent practicable ... Facilities and equipment should be designed, constructed and maintained so that contamination of meat is minimized to the greatest extent practicable ... Establishments, facilities and equipment should be designed to allow personnel to carry out their activities in a hygienic manner ... Facilities and equipment that are...
Excerpt: Post-mortem inspection systems should include ... procedures and tests that are risk-based to the extent possible and practicable ... confirmation of proper stunning and bleeding ... availability of inspection as soon as is practicable after completion of dressing ... visual inspection of the carcass and other relevant parts, including inedible parts, as determined by the competent authority ... palpation and/or incision of the carcass and other relevant parts, ...
Excerpt: Hygiene of animals presented for slaughter ... Animals presented for slaughter should be sufficiently clean so that they do not compromise hygienic slaughter and dressing ... The conditions of holding of animals presented for slaughter should minimize cross-contamination with food-borne pathogens and facilitate efficient slaughter and dressing ... Slaughter animals should be subjected to ante-mortem inspection, with the competent authority determining the proced...
Excerpt: Ante-mortem inspection Ante-mortem inspection systems required by the competent authority should include the following ... all relevant information from the level of primary production should be taken into account on an ongoing basis, e.g. declarations from the primary producers relating to the use of veterinary drugs, information from official hazard control programmes ... animals suspected as being unsafe or unsuitable for human consumption should be identifie...
Excerpt: Transport of slaughter animals Slaughter animals require transport facilities to the abattoir that ensure that ... soiling and cross-contamination with faecal material is minimized ... new hazards are not introduced during transport ... animal identification as to the place of origin is maintained; and ... consideration is given to avoiding undue stress. Transport vehicles should be designed and maintained so that ... animals can be loaded, unloaded and transpor...
Excerpt: Recall systems Recall systems designed by the establishment operator should ... utilize the approval/registration/listing number of the establishment as a means to identify meat to its final destination ... incorporate management systems and procedures that facilitate rapid and complete recall of implicated lots, e.g. distribution records, lot coding ... keep records that facilitate trace-back to the place of origin of the animals, to the extent practicable; and...
Excerpt: Animal identification systems, to the extent practicable, should be in place at primary production level so that the origin of meat can be traced back from the abattoir or establishment to the place of production of the animals.
Excerpt: Primary production ... Primary production should be managed in a way that reduces the likelihood of introduction of hazards and appropriately contributes to meat being safe and suitable for human consumption ... Whenever possible and practicable, systems should be established by the primary production sector and the competent authority, to collect, collate and make available information on hazards and conditions that may be present in animal populations and that...
Excerpt: Food hygiene is defined as ?all conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food at all stages of the food chain? (FAO/WHO, 1999a). In the practical world of meat hygiene, this will require contributions from a range of stakeholders, including industry and government. Meat hygiene is a demanding science and must deal with different classes of hazards. Chemical hazards entering the food chain at the level of primary production includ...
Excerpt: The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission is in the final stages of negotiation of a new Code of hygienic practice for meat. The Code implies a transition from meat inspection towards a risk-based approach covering the entire food chain. The manual on good practices for the meat industry aims to assist the industry to prepare itself for compliance with the new regulatory framework, which is expected to come into force when the Code is approved in 2005. To help f...
Excerpt: El presente volumen forma parte de la colecci›n Estudios sobre Tenencia de la Tierra, preparada por el Servicio de Tenencia de la Tierra, de la Direcci›n de Desarrollo Rural de la FAO. Los mecanismos de tenencia de la tierra son fundamentales para la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo rural sostenible. El acceso equitativo y seguro a la tierra, en particular en el caso de la poblaci›n rural pobre, es un factor crucial para reducir la pobreza y el hambre, aume...
Excerpt: Le pr?sent volume fait partie d?une s?rie d?tudes sur les r?gimes fonciers publi?es par le Service des r?gimes fonciers de la Division du d?veloppement rural de la FAO. Les arrangements relatifs ? la structure fonci?re sont essentiels aux fins de la s?curit? alimentaire et du d?veloppement rural durable. Un acc?s s?r et ?quitable ? la terre, surtout pour les ruraux pauvres, est capital pour r?duire la faim et la pauvret?, accro?tre la productivit? et la croissa...
Excerpt: The present volume is part of a series of Land Tenure Studies produced by FAO?s Land Tenure Service of the Rural Development Division. Land tenure arrangements are a key to food security and sustainable rural development. Equitable and secure access to land, especially for the rural poor, is a crucial factor for reducing poverty and hunger, for increasing agricultural productivity and growth, and for improving rural conditions. Effective land tenure institutions...
Introduction: Excessive levels of harvesting capacity are a serious problem facing fishery managers in the new millennium. Mace (1996) identified ?[over]capacity as the single most important factor threatening the long-term viability of exploited fish stocks and the fisheries that depend on them,? requiring a significant reduction in existing global fishing capacity for levels to become commensurate with sustainable resource productivity. As well as being biologically un...
Excerpt: La ordeneoon encez de las pcolacones de peces compe tudes sique nendo uno de los meyores deseflos para a lcanzar la pesca sostemole a largo ptazo . Estes recnrsos lleqen a repe esent er hasta un tercic de la productiOnmund ia l de la pesca de capture marina En e t presente documento se estud ten los aspectos jurldicos y econonucos de la ordenaoon de cede una de las vane s cateqortas d ue ren tes de pcotecones compe rudas, a sabe r, las pobtacones u anstrcotenzas...
Excerpt: En octubre de 2002, el Gobierno de Noruega, en cooperaci›n con la FAO, organiz› una Consulta de Expertos sobre la Ordenaci›n de poblaciones de peces compartidas1. El motivo de la celebraci›n de dicha Consulta de Expertos fue el reconocimiento de que la ordenaci›n de los recursos sigue siendo uno de los mayores desafíos en el camino hacia la consecuci›n de la pesca sostenible a largo plazo. En este documento, al examinar los aspectos jurídicos y econ›micos de la ...
Excerpt: La Conservacion y ordenacion de poblciones de peces compartides: aspectos juridicos y ecxonomicosq ...
Excerpt: IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, FAO HAS a mandate for normative activities, which fall broadly under five areas (FAO 2000): maintaining databases of statistical information; providing a world centre of food and agriculture knowledge, information and expertise; providing a neutral forum for policy dialogue among nations and for the preparation of international agreements; developing international norms, standards and conventions; and disseminating ...